Frank Lloyd Wright Architect

The Arts and Crafts movement (1890-1920), often referred to as the Craftsman movement, expressed dissatisfaction that industrialization had failed to provide a decent environment for working people. The movement encouraged simple honest design with a regard for the integrity of the material employed. Frank Lloyd Wright's version of the Craftsman movement was the Prairie style, thus he is the acknowledged master of it. Wright's style focused on Midwestern prairie, which is a wide, flat, horizontal, treeless expanse that meets the horizon. He designed horizontal buildings that were low to the ground. He did away with the usual divisions between spaces on the lower floors of his prairie homes. Instead of setting rooms apart, he unified them into one common space. This was the first American style to be admired in Europe.

Uniqueness of Prairie Houses

The prairie style made subtle use of Japanese architecture. The style features:

• Horizontal space, flowing interior spaces and long bands of windows that invoke the idea of Japanese screens
• Low-pitched roof, usually hipped with deeply projecting eaves
• Two stories, with one-story wings or porches
• Eaves, cornice and facade emphasizing horizontal lines, often with massive, square porch supports
• Bands of casement windows
• Large, low chimney that forms the hub of the house
• No exposed rafter tails or decorative beams or braces under the gables

Homes and Other Buildings Wright Designed

Wright built nearly 400 houses, of which 300 still stand today. He also built commercial and public buildings. His work included:

1. Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Price Tower
2. Buffalo, New York. Darwin Martin House
3. Chicago, Illinois. Federick C. Robie House on the University of Chicago campus
4. Oak Park, Illinois. Unity Temple
5. Tokyo, Japan. Imperial Hotel. Demolished in 1968
6. Upper East Side, New York. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

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